Detecção de Campylobacter jejuni em produtos de frango utilizando separação imunomagnética / Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken products using immunomagnetic separation

Campylobacter jejuni é o principal causador de gastroenterite bacteriana aguda, e a carne de frango tem se mostrado uma importante fonte de transmissão. Este microrganismo é de difícil isolamento e os métodos convencionais muitas vezes não são eficientes, podendo levar a resultados errôneos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e testar a técnica de separação imunomagnética (IMS) na detecção de C. jejuni em produtos de frango. Micropartículas magnéticas ligadas a anticorpos policlonais anti-C. jejuni foram utilizadas para concentrar C. jejuni antes da semeadura em ágar. O protocolo foi comparado com o método convencional. C. jejuni foi recuperado do alimento experimentalmente contaminado por ambos os métodos, entretanto, quando foi usada a IMS, a presença de microrganismos contaminantes nos meios de cultura foi menor. C. jejuni foi isolado de 7% das amostras de alimento naturalmente contaminadas, usando IMS, e de 3% pelo método convencional. C. coli foi isolado de uma amostra pelo método convencional, mas não foi detectado pelo protocolo com IMS. A técnica de IMS pode ser usada para isolamento de C. jejuni de alimentos, oferecendo a vantagem de detectar em amostras o microrganismo cujo isolamento não é obtido por meio do método convencional.(AU)

Campylobacter jejuni is the main cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis and chicken meat has shown to be an important source of infection. This microorganism is difficult to isolate and the conventional methods are often inefficient and may lead to erroneous results. This study aimed at developing and testing the technique of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) in the detection of C. jejuni in chicken products. Microparticles magnetically connected anti-C. jejuni polyclonal antibodies were used to concentrate C. jejuni before agar seeding. The protocol was compared with the conventional method. C. jejuni was recovered from experimentally contaminated food for both methods, however, when the IMS was used, the presence of contaminating microorganisms in the means of culture was smaller. C. jejuni was isolated from 7% of samples of food naturally contaminated, using IMS, and 3% by conventional method. C. coli was isolated from a sample by conventional method, but it was not detected by protocol with IMS. The IMS technique can be used for isolation of C. jejuni in food, offering the advantage of detecting the microorganism in samples from which the isolation is not obtained with the use of the conventional method.(AU)

The Use of Medicinal Plants as Alternatives for Typhoid Fever and Bacterial Gastroenteritis Therapy in Abwa-Mbagen, Nigeria

Aim: To assess the antibacterial activities and phytochemical potential of Cochlospermum planchonii (Apocynaceae), Terminalia avicennoides (Papilionaceae) and Pericopsis laxiflora (Papilionaceae) used traditionally against typhoid fever and bacterial gastroenteritis. Study Design: In this study, hot water, hexane and methanol extracts obtained from the test plants were screened for phytochemicals according to standard procedures. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were employed to determine the plant extracts susceptibilities to the test bacteria. Place and Duration of the Study: Extraction was performed at the Chemistry laboratory, Benue State University while phytochemical screening and in vitro analyses were carried out at the Bacterial Research Division, National Veterinary and Research Institute Vom, Nigeria. All studies lasted for 12 months. Methodology: Preparation of plant extracts, phytochemical analyses of the plant parts, agar well diffusion assay, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was used to evaluate antibacterial activities. The Zones of Inhibition of various concentrations of extracts against test bacteria were also measured. Results were compared with standard antibiotic discs. Results: Phytochemical studies reveal that while saponins were present in all the test plants anthraquinone was absent. Also, tannins, alkaloids, essential and volatile oils, flavonoids, phlobatannins, and steroids were identified in one or more of the plants. Findings from antibacterial activity reveal that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the extracts, by comparison to the Gram-negative bacteria. The hexane extracts of both C. planchonii and P. laxiflora extracts inhibited Bacillus cereus at 0.165 μg ml-1, while T. avicennoides hexane extract and decoction showed the least MIC of 0.33 μg ml-1 against Stahylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The positive correlations of the results obtained here confirm the acclaimed ethnomedical uses, while also providing a potential source for discovering new pharmaceutical compounds with antibacterial activity.

Diarreia aguda / Acute diarrhea

Diarreia aguda infecciosa é processo autolimitado. Manejo adequado de um episódio de diarreia aguda, com hidratação, alimentação e uso racional de exames de laboratório e medicamentos, vem preocupando pediatras e órgãos responsáveis pela saúde mundial. São discutidas aqui estas preocupações. Aspectos fisiopatológicos apresentados visam diminuir, ao máximo, a investigação laboratorial e o uso de medicamentos, com tratamento orientado, principalmente para hidratação e alimentação. Orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, acompanhadas pelas do Ministério da Saúde, são comparadas com as últimas recomendações, em 2014, das Sociedades Europeias de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica, Hepatologia e Nutrição e de Doenças Infecciosas. Observa-se grande concordância entre elas, principalmente no tratamento baseado, quase exclusivamente, em hidratação e alimentação, enquanto se espera a autolimitação.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Community Subjects with Culture-proven Bacterial Gastroenteritis / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in community subjects with culture-proven bacterial gastroenteritis. METHODS: This was a prospective, community-based, cohort study, which followed patients with a recent history of culture-proven bacterial gastroenteritis. IBS was diagnosed with the use of the Rome II criteria at 3 and 6 months after bacterial dysentery. RESULTS: Sixty five cases were included and completed the 6 month follow-up. Thirty four cases (52.3%) were female. Salmonella was the pathogen most frequently identified and seen in 41 patients (63.1%). The cumulative incidence of IBS among patients with microbiologically proven bacterial gastroenteritis within a community was 9.2% and 12.3% at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. The duration of initial diarrhea (> or =7 days) was associated with an increased risk for the development of IBS (aOR, 14.50 [95% CI, 1.38-152.72]; p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the incidence of IBS among patients with culture-proven bacterial gastroenteritis within a community is similar to that reported among Western populations. A large, prospective study is encouraged to confirm our results and to evaluate the influence of the microbial species on the epidemiology of IBS in Asian populations.